Intraoperative CT Navigation

Intraoperative CT navigation uses a CT scan taken while you are asleep during the operation, linked to a computer navigation system, to guide the surgeon with millimetre accuracy. It is the same principle as other navigation systems: a detailed 3D image of your spine is captured on the table and the surgeon's tracked instruments are displayed against it in real time. Because the scan is taken during surgery — in your actual operative position — it reflects your anatomy exactly as it is at that moment, which is especially useful in fusions, deformity correction and complex or revision surgery.

• People undergoing fusion, deformity or complex spinal surgery requiring precise implant placement
• People with distorted anatomy from previous surgery or deformity
• Situations where in-theatre confirmation of accuracy is valuable
• Use is determined by the surgeon and the demands of the procedure

• After positioning, a CT scanner captures a 3D image of the spine. A reference frame attached near the surgical site allows the navigation computer to line up ("register") the images with your real anatomy. Tracked instruments then appear as a live pointer on the 3D and reconstructed views, showing the exact angle and depth for screw placement or bony work. The surgeon can rotate the images and plan trajectories precisely, and a check scan can confirm everything is correctly placed before closing.

• Millimetre-level accuracy for screws and implants
• Imaging reflects your exact operative position and anatomy
• In-theatre verification reduces the chance of needing revision for a misplaced implant
• Can reduce the amount of repeated live X-ray during the case

• Involves a radiation dose from the CT scan, weighed against the safety and accuracy gained
• Requires careful set-up and registration; navigation supports but does not replace the surgeon's judgement
• Technical problems can occasionally mean reverting to conventional guidance

• O-arm navigation
• Loop-X or other mobile intraoperative imaging
• Standard fluoroscopy guidance
• Robotic-assisted or electromagnetic navigation

Recovery is governed by the operation itself, not the navigation. The value of navigation lies in accuracy and safety — placing implants correctly the first time. Your surgeon will explain its role in your particular operation.

• —Royal College of Radiologists — iRefer: Making the Best Use of Clinical Radiology
• —British Association of Spine Surgeons (BASS)
• —UK Health Security Agency — Ionising Radiation: Patient Dose Information

This information is for general patient education and is not a substitute for an individual consultation. Always seek personalised advice from a qualified spinal specialist.